![]() ![]() ![]() While first degree and superficial second degree burns usually heal within 3 weeks, for which conventional treatment may be sufficient, deep second and third degree burns that do not heal within 3 weeks have a high risk of developing hypertrophic scars, for which early surgical intervention is recommended. These are superficial (first degree), superficial partial and deep partial thickness/dermal (second degree), and full thickness burns (third degree or above), shown in Fig. To classify different burn depths as well as the related outcomes, three levels of burn injury are widely adopted. Proper treatments largely rely on a prompt and accurate diagnosis of burn depth. Numerous treatment efforts, such as early excision and skin grafting, have emerged to reduce the mortality rate of burn victims, and to shorten their time of hospitalization. Severe burns can lead to disability or even mortality, due to subsequent complications and infection. In the United States, there are over 1 million burn injury victims every year that need medical attention, reported by Center for Disease Control (CDC). Based on this review, we conclude that though there is literature contributing to the knowledge of the pathology and pathogenesis of tissue burn, there is scant quantitative information regarding changes in tissue properties including mechanical, thermal, electrical and optical properties as a result of burn injuries that are linked to altered tissue morphology.īurns are one of the most common injuries in both civilian combat scenarios. The second part deals with existing numerical models for burn injuries of tissue and related computational simulations. The first part deals with experimental studies including burn protocols and prevailing imaging approaches. This review aims at summarizing the research involving experimental and numerical studies of skin and subcutaneous tissue subjected to thermal injury. Understanding the change in tissue morphologies and properties and the underlying mechanisms of thermal injury are of vital importance to clinical determination of the degree of burn and treatment approach. Thermal injury to skin and subcutaneous tissue is common in both civilian and combat scenarios. ![]()
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